Starting small
- Start a minimal AppSec program with owners, triggers and metrics
- Run an AppSec program: owners, finding states, deadlines and champions
- Run a security champions program with protected time and outcome metrics
- Set remediation SLAs and measure AppSec outcomes
- Approve, expire and measure security exceptions without hiding risk
- Case study: First American's EaglePro document exposure (2019)
Choosing a framework
- Apply NIST SSDF (SP 800-218) to one product: practices, evidence and attestation in 2026
- Run an OWASP SAMM assessment with evidence and a practical roadmap
- ASVS 5.0 verification records: requirement, test and evidence another engineer can repeat
- ISO 27001, SOC 2, NIST CSF or FedRAMP: choose the framework by the question it answers
Practice: Release evidence lab
Preparing compliance evidence
- Control mapping between frameworks: state the relationship without overstating equivalence
- Map PCI DSS Requirement 6 to engineering practice and evidence
- Cyber Resilience Act and payment pages: turn product-security obligations into an engineering evidence plan
- GDPR, CCPA, HIPAA or the FTC rule: scope privacy and health-data obligations before choosing controls
- Supplier software assurance: check SOC 2 reports, SBOMs and signed updates against your use
- Open source license compliance: SPDX expressions, obligations and SBOM checks
- Answer a US federal secure software attestation request in 2026: the CISA form, its SSDF mapping and the evidence behind each statement
Meeting SOC 2, ISO 27001 or NIST CSF
- SOC 2 for engineering teams: CC6, CC7 and CC8 controls and the evidence auditors test
- ISO 27001 secure development: Annex A 8.25 to 8.33 as engineering practice and evidence
- NIST CSF 2.0 for product teams: the outcomes you own and the evidence for them
- Compliance evidence reuse: one evidence set for SSDF, PCI DSS, ISO 27001, SOC 2 and the CRA
Selling into regulated markets
- NIS2 and DORA for software suppliers: what reaches you and the evidence to keep
- UK Software Security Code of Practice: the 14 principles as engineering practice
- Regulated product security lifecycles: IEC 62443-4-1, FDA 524B, ISO/SAE 21434 and UN R155/R156
- GDPR privacy by design for engineers: Articles 25, 32 and 35 in code
- Turn NIST AI RMF, ISO/IEC 42001 and EU AI Act duties into engineering evidence
Securing the delivery pipeline
- Place each security control in the pipeline and decide what it blocks
- Protect the path from pull request to release
- Generate an SBOM for the software you actually release
- Read SLSA provenance and verify the claim you need
- Verify artifact signatures against an explicit trust policy
- Investigate build differences and improve reproducibility
- Protect the source repository: rulesets, reviews and signed commits
- Case study: the SolarWinds Orion build compromise (SUNBURST)
- Case study: the 3CX DesktopApp supply-chain attack (CVE-2023-29059)
- Choose and evaluate application security testing tools
- Meet the OpenSSF OSPS Baseline as a maintainer: the levels, every Level 1 control on GitHub, and the evidence
- Staged rollout and rollback for security-critical updates
- Case study: CrowdStrike Channel File 291 (July 2024)
Practice: Signed artifact provenance lab · Project: Build and verify a signed software release · Project: Repair a security pipeline for GitHub Actions and GitLab CI
Adopting AI coding assistants
- Secure AI-assisted development with coding assistants and agents
- Stop dependency confusion and typosquatting at install time
- Constrain MCP and multi-agent trust boundaries
- Secure the developer workstation: extensions, package managers, secrets and AI agents
- Case study: the Nx s1ngularity compromise and its AI-assisted payload (2025)
- Case study: the Amazon Q Developer extension compromise (2025)
Scaling with training, Secure by Design and careers
- Run a developer security training program that changes code
- BSIMM vs SAMM vs SSDF: what each is for and which to use
- Apply CISA Secure by Design: principles, pledge goals and evidence
- Build an application security career: roles, skills, portfolio and certifications
- Run a security champions program with protected time and outcome metrics
- Scope an operating pilot around accountable engineering work.
- Make one finding travel through ownership, remediation and deployed verification.
- Choose metrics with defined populations and decision consequences.
A bounded pilot charter, one completed finding-state analysis and a metric definition tied to an improvement decision.
- Know one product’s delivery process and who can change it.
- Use the small-program guide’s fictional pilot when organization data is unavailable.
Produce a pilot inventory linking one product’s services, repositories, deployment paths and sensitive assets to accountable engineering owners. Record unassigned ownership and excluded services as gaps, and state the security and review capacity available. Finish with a scope the team can operate; an incomplete but explicit inventory is more useful than an organization-wide claim with no responsible people.
Define a few consequential change triggers, release expectations and finding states, and write remediation targets that depend on exploitation evidence and exposure rather than severity alone. Name who implements, who verifies and who may accept residual business risk. Use the connected pilot to write one concrete exception condition and expiry. Finish when a missed review or failed test leads to a specified decision instead of an unowned queue or an automatic release bypass.
Carry one supplied finding from report through cause, assigned fix, regression and deployed closure, retaining artifact and evidence IDs at each transition; fix ready, exception active and verified closed are different states. Name a security champion in the pilot team to triage first and spread the fix pattern, and use the CI guide to connect the tested build to the release. Finish when the record exposes missing ownership or evidence without asking the security team to approve every routine change.
Define eligible changes, reviewed changes, confirmed findings, deployed fixes and expired exceptions before calculating rates. Include open age and capacity so that closing easy work cannot hide long-lived exposure. Recalculate the pilot’s metric from its supplied counts, then choose one improvement with an owner and a follow-up observation. Map the pilot to SSDF practices or a SAMM assessment only once the loop runs, so the framework describes real work. Finish with a decision supported by the measure, not a dashboard whose denominator or next action is unclear.
To build the skills behind this job step by step, follow the learning path Build an evidence-driven security program.
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