What it means for teams

Some security-relevant events, such as issuing client certificates and service account tokens, leave no record in the cluster datastore. Only the API server audit log shows who created a credential, and many distributions do not enable it by default.

How to prevent it

  • Enable API server audit logging with a policy that records credential issuance and access to Secrets, RBAC and workloads, and retain it.
  • Collect node and workload logs with tooling that follows pods across nodes.
  • Buffer logs on the node and decouple ingestion from storage so an outage downstream does not lose the trail.
  • Alert on the events you expect attackers to cause, and rehearse reconstructing an incident from the logs.

Guides on this site

References

  1. K10:2025 Inadequate Logging And Monitoring (OWASP)
  2. Kubernetes documentation: Auditing

List data from the publisher. A guide is listed as the main subject when the weakness or risk is what the guide is about, and as covering it when a dedicated section or worked example addresses it.

OWASP does not publish a mapping between the 2022 and 2025 lists. The 2022 entry shown for each risk is the one with the same subject, matched by title; 2022's K02 Supply Chain Vulnerabilities has no 2025 counterpart.