The description above is MITRE’s definition of CWE-441 in CWE 4.20, a class-level weakness.
Common consequences MITRE lists
- Non-Repudiation, Access Control: Gain Privileges or Assume Identity; Hide Activities; Execute Unauthorized Code or Commands
Guides on this site
Secure WebRTC signaling, TURN relays and media servers
WebRTC encrypts media, but signaling decides whose keys you trust and TURN relays wherever it is allowed. Authorize every signaling message, mint short-lived TURN credentials, deny internal addresses and harden media servers.
Constrain MCP and multi-agent trust boundaries
Validate each connection and delegated action without treating a token for another service, a tool description, another agent or a state handle as authority.
Threat pattern library for threat modeling
Thirty-two recurring threat patterns grouped by identity, authorization, parsers, concurrency, integrations, data exposure, supply chain, availability and AI agents, each with where it shows up on a data-flow diagram, mitigations, a verification step and STRIDE, CWE and CAPEC links, plus a YAML catalog and a script that lists patterns per diagram element.
Practice
- Enforce retrieval and tool boundaries across crashes · Local project
References
This page is generated from MITRE’s CWE 4.20 catalogue (released 30 April 2026) and lists every guide, fix card and lab here that cites CWE-441.
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